Přednášky z etiky – Cajthaml Martin (2023)

The book is a collection of lectures on philosophical ethics. The exposition introduces the history of philosophical ethics while also addressing its substantive issues. The reader thus has the opportunity to become acquainted with the ideas of the main representatives of this philosophical discipline as well as its fundamental problems, concepts, and terms. Historically, emphasis is placed on the beginnings of ethical thought in Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, the Enlightenment critique of traditional ethics by Kant and the utilitarians, and on the material ethics of values, which critically delineates itself from both traditions. The exposition of traditional ethics focuses on the concept of good as a goal and on the concept of a successful life based on moral and rational virtues. The exposition of Enlightenment ethics introduces the reader to both the utilitarian prosocial approach and Kant's emphasis on the inestimable value of each individual. At the center of the exposition of material ethics of values is the polemical relationship of Scheler's ethics to Kant's ethical 'formalism' and the concept of value by Dietrich von Hildebrand.