Egyptský faraón versus chetitský král - Postavení panovníka v orientální despocii – Knollová Michaela (2023)

The publication focuses on ancient legal regulations. However, it does not deal with the traditional and popular Roman law, but rather directs its interest deeper into history, back to the period of the first civilizations, selecting two from the diverse range of these early state formations: Egypt and the Hittite Empire. The central theme here is the ruler of these state entities, that is, the person standing at the very top of the power structure. The Egyptian king was chosen as a typical representative of the Oriental despot, as at least on the officially proclaimed level, his persona fulfills everything we expect from an ancient Oriental ruler. On the other hand, it is difficult to find a ruler of a highly developed ancient state who embodies these ideas (that is, the ideas of a monarch with absolute power) less than the Hittite king. This fact is interesting also in light of the similar level of development of both state entities and their geographical proximity, which are aspects that should lead to similarities rather than differences. The aim of the publication is to comprehensively capture the position of the ancient monarch of both chosen state entities, particularly in relation to legislative, executive, and judicial power. The work draws not only from official documents proclaiming the desired state but also utilizes...