Diference jako princip vědomí a její překonání - Analýzy a interpretace k problematice vědomí a sebevědomí v německé filosofii od Wolffa po Hegela – Karásek Jindřich (2022)

The issue of consciousness and self-consciousness as its foundation is one of the central themes of German classical philosophy. The basic structure of consciousness is understood as the relation in which the subject of consciousness relates to the object through mental representation (imagination). The book analyzes various ways in which this fundamental structure has been examined and further developed. Kant's predecessor, Christian Wolff, understood that the basic moment of this structure is the difference between the subject and the object of consciousness. Kant's immediate successor, Karl Leonhard Reinhold, made this differentiation part of a proposition that was to become the starting point for the interpretation of all knowledge. Thus, the difference became a principle of consciousness. However, this circumstance was perceived as a problem by thinkers who followed Reinhold and sought to develop concepts of consciousness in which this difference would be overcome, starting from the basic form of consciousness, which is self-consciousness. The pinnacle of this theoretical effort can be considered Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit.