PLC a automatizace 2. Sekvenční logické systémy a základy fuzzy logiky – Šmejkal Ladislav (2005)

This Czech-language second volume of the PLC textbook focuses mainly on programming sequential logic tasks, which predominate in practice and can cause many problems and errors when programmed unsystematically. It explains the nature and importance of sequential logic functions and presents typical practical programs using memory functions, counters, timers and other function blocks. Systematic programming methods based on finite automata, Petri nets, and the effective use of tables and data structures are explained in detail through practical examples. These methods are economical and clear, reduce programming effort and the risk of errors, and increase program flexibility. A substantial section introduces fuzzy logic and multivalued logic, presenting them as natural extensions of two-valued logic and as approaches to artificial intelligence. With a minimum of theoretical terminology, the book concentrates on programming practical tasks in regulation and control, technical diagnostics, security systems, decision-making, optimisation and other fields. Numerous illustrations and examples demonstrate the procedures. The book also introduces standardised PLC programming languages under international standard IEC 63111, including the programming environment, task activation, SFC sequential programming, the IL, ST, LD and FBD languages, and FCL for describing complete fuzzy controllers. Designed for active and interactive study, it gives readers access to the freely distributable Mosaic development system, where they can write, run and debug conventional and fuzzy logic programs, as well as control tasks with system simulations in PIDMaker, on a virtual or real PLC. GraphMaker displays monitored variables over time like an oscilloscope or logic analyser and supports debugging, diagnostics, demonstrations and the presentation and documentation of school assignments.