Fenomenologie ducha – Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedr (2019)

This Czech-language edition presents Hegel’s exceptionally rich philosophical work, Phenomenology of Spirit, which has influenced nineteenth- and twentieth-century culture through its analyses of anthropogenesis and intersubjectivity, as well as its philosophical interpretation of key stages in human history, including the ancient polis, Christianity, the Crusades, the rise of absolute monarchy and the Terror of the French Revolution. Hegel illustrates the dialectical movement of spirit through the famous example of the “master and slave,” inspired by Heraclitus. In a life-and-death struggle, the slave is the one who fears death and acknowledges the other as master. The master gradually becomes dependent on the slave’s work, while the slave becomes free, a creative person, through his skill. Marx’s social theory could draw on this motif of dialectics and historical development, although it had to reverse Hegel, as Marx put it, “turn him from his head onto his feet.” It is therefore paradoxical that Hegel, who was always regarded and presented as a philosopher of freedom, later became, alongside Plato, a thinker of totalitarianism for K. R. Popper.