Metafory, kterými žijeme – Lakoff George (2024)

The foundational work of cognitive linguistics caused a revolution in its time in the philosophy of language and the approach to it in general. The fundamental premises on which language and thinking in language were theoretically and practically processed and understood were disrupted by this work and had to be rebuilt. The basic structure of language was no longer the word or proposition, but the metaphor, which came to the forefront of interest for linguists and philosophers alike. The metaphor itself simultaneously ceased to be the exclusive domain of the poetic world and the updating of language forms, and shifted broadly into the sphere of everyday communication. At the same time, the essential role of metaphor also became evident in non-linguistic fields: in epistemology, aesthetics, cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology, etc. According to the authors, metaphor is the primary concept for organizing the world, thought, and the self. The authors draw on the most common examples from everyday situations, in whose internal structure they find similarities with the outlined central metaphors and demonstrate their arrangement. Through many analytical examples, they prove the formative power of metaphor: its influence in politics, war, finance, business, culture, and the media. The manner in which they present their interpretation is very simple, clear, and terminologically...