Kvantová mechanika II. – Klíma Jan (2018)

The second part of the quantum mechanics textbook builds on the general foundations of quantum theory outlined in the first part and is dedicated to more advanced sections of quantum theory that are important for the study of atomic systems. Approximate solutions to stationary problems using both variational and perturbative methods are uniformly derived using projection techniques. The significance of perturbative methods for unbounded perturbations is discussed. For the non-stationary Schrödinger equation, the perturbative solution is derived from the Golden Rule through the Wigner-Weisskopf approximation to the general theory of states with exponential decay. The focus of the book is on chapters dedicated to atomic systems as a many-body problem: two-electron systems (He atom, H2 molecule), Fano resonances, Hartree-Fock theory, electronic structure of atoms, and the basics of quantum chemistry. For extensive systems, e-e correlations, jellium as a model system, theory and practice of density functional theory, and an introduction to reduced density matrix methods and Green's functions are covered. The conclusion of the book consists of the theory of (elastic) scattering and an extensive explanation of both semiclassical and quantum descriptions of the interaction of radiation with matter, from Kubelka's formula to the non-relativistic calculation of Lamb shift. The text is supplemented with numerous examples and analysis...