Zápisky o válce občanské, alexandrijské, africké a hispánské – Caesar Gaius Iulius (2022)

Caesar's commentaries deal with military and political actions against the senatorial opposition in the years 49–48 BC. The work is unfinished. It is supplemented by the writings of the historian Aulus Hirtius, On the Alexandrian War, and two books by anonymous authors that describe the struggles with the remnants of the opposition in Africa and Hispania. The commentaries on the civil war capture Rome during a pivotal period of the late Republic. The empire was undertaking a massive expansion outward, but at the same time, it was weakened by internal upheavals that led to a prolonged civil war. After the collapse of the triumvirate, Caesar concentrated a decisive share of power in his hands. Pompey sided with the opposition. Caesar returned from Gaul, occupied all of Italy during the civil war, and defeated the remnants of Pompey's supporters in Africa and Hispania. The commentaries are divided into three books and remain unfinished. They have a memoir-like character. They are written in the third person, in a factual and straightforward style. In this work, Caesar portrays himself as an unwilling fighter in an inevitable conflict. He stylizes himself as an uninvolved party and clarifies and justifies his actions through the text. For the vivid depiction of the preparations and course of battles and Caesar's personal stance on all events, for its military content,…